Wednesday, July 22, 2009
Update
Monday, July 13, 2009
not too much...yet
Imuran is a medication which suppresses the Immune System. It is given orally to patients whose MS is progressing slowly and is sometimes given in combination with Solu-Medrol treatment.
It is not recommended for women who plan to have children. Imuran can cause Liver problems and Nausea - Long-term use of the drug may also result in an increased risk of Leukemia and Lymphoma.
There have been numerous clinical trials of Azathioprine as a treatment for MS over the past 20 years both in the US and abroad. The results have not been uniform, and the use of this agent as a treatment for MS remains controversial.
One reason for this is that the potential Side-Effects of Azathioprine include Severe Anemia or Leukopenia (shortage of White Blood Cells), Liver Damage, or long-term increased risk of developing malignancies such as Leukemia or Lymphoma. Some patients have not been able to take Azathioprine because of severe Nausea.
A summary of the results of 20 different trials of Azathioprine over the past 20 years using different patient populations, different doses and different protocols, yields mixed results. Some benefit, as noted by slowed progression or fewer relapses, was noted in 60% of the trials. There was no apparent benefit in the other trials.
The decision to use Azathioprine is a complicated one, and should be made by the physician and the patient together, after a discussion of the potential risks and benefits.
Thursday, July 2, 2009
I Started Imuran!
BRAND NAME: Imuran, Azasan
DRUG CLASS AND MECHANISM: Azathioprine is an immunosuppressant, that is, a drug that is used to suppress the immune system. It is used to treat patients who have undergone kidney transplantation and for diseases in which activity of the immune system is important. Azathioprine is a prodrug (a precursor of a drug) which is converted in the body to its active form called mercaptopurine (Purinethol). The exact mechanism of action of azathioprine is not known.
Like other immunosuppressants, it suppresses the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, types of white blood cells that are part of the immune system and defend the body against both infectious diseases and foreign materials. For example, in the case of organ transplantation, immunosuppressants prevent the body from immunologically rejecting the new organ. In the case of autoimmune diseases (diseases caused by an abnormal immune reaction against the body's own tissues) such as rheumatoid arthritis, suppressing the immune system reduces the inflammation that accompanies immune reactions and slows damage to the joints caused by the inflammation.
PRESCRIPTION: Yes
GENERIC AVAILABLE: Yes
PREPARATIONS: Tablet: 50, 75, 100 mg. Injection: 100 mg
STORAGE: Azathioprine should be stored at 15-25 C (59-77 F) in a dry place and protected from light.
PRESCRIBED FOR: Azathioprine is used for preventing rejection of transplanted kidneys. Azathioprine also is used for the treatment of severe, active, rheumatoid arthritis in patients who do not respond to rest, aspirin, or other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
Non-FDA approved uses for azathioprine include multiple sclerosis, where several clinical trials have shown decreases in relapses but no slowing in progression of the disease. There also is limited data on the safety of azathioprine in multiple sclerosis. Other non-FDA (off-label) uses of azathioprine include Crohn's disease, myasthenia gravis, chronic ulcerative colitis, and autoimmune hepatitis (in combination withprednisone).
DOSING: Azathioprine should be taken with food.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: Allopurinol (Zyloprim) that is used for treating increased blood levels of uric acid and preventing gout increases azathioprine levels in the blood which may increase the risk of side effects from azathioprine. Therefore, it is important to reduce the dose of azathioprine by approximately 1/3 to 1/4 in patients taking allopurinol. The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to control high blood pressure in patients taking azathioprine has been reported to induce anemia (low levels of red blood cells) and severe leukopenia (low levels of white blood cells). Azathioprine reduces blood levels of the blood thinner, warfarin (Coumadin), and thus may reduce the blood thinning effect of warfarin. Safety and efficacy of azathioprine in children have not been established
PREGNANCY: Azathioprine can cause fetal harm when given to pregnant women and whenever possible should be avoided.
NURSING MOTHERS: Azathioprine is found in breast milk and should not be used in nursing mothers.
SIDE EFFECTS: The most common serious side effects of azathioprine involve the cells of the blood and gastrointestinal system. Azathioprine can cause serious lowering of the white blood cell count, resulting in an increased risk of infections. This effect is reversed when the dose of azathioprine is reduced or temporarily discontinued. Azathioprine can cause nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite, which may resolve when the daily dose is reduced or divided and taken more than once a day. Azathioprine can cause liver toxicity (for example, in less than 1% of rheumatoid arthritis patients). All patients taking azathioprine require regular testing of blood for blood cell counts and liver tests to monitor for side effects of azathioprine. Other side effects encountered less frequently include fatigue, hair loss, joint pains, and diarrhea.
